Scream Slotting Machine For Well Casing

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Drilled wells:

This article describes the properties & construction of drilled wells that use a steel well casing, modern drinking water wells.

We discuss well problem diagnosis, testing, & repair procedures - advice about what to do when things go wrong with the well such as loss of water pressure, not enough water volume, contaminated wells, wells that have smelly water, wells that just run out of water or have a low recovery rate. We describe the parts of a water well and its piping and controls including the pitless adapter.

We explain how a well water recovery rate is measured or calculated. We explain the role of static head of water in a well and how to measure the static head.

We also provide a MASTER INDEX to this topic, or you can try the page top or bottom SEARCH BOX as a quick way to find information you need.

Drilled Wells - guide to modern steel casing wells

Here we describe modern steel-casing drilled water wells, including how the well is constructed, sealed against contaminants, and how the well flow rate or water recovery rate is evaluated.

The page top photo is of a modern well casing, in good condition, extended properly above ground.

The small-diameter pipe parallel to the six-inch steel well casing is an electrical conduit - so we know that for this particular water supply system a submersible water pump is used and it is installed in the well itself.

The electrical conduit carries electrical power to the water pumpdown in the well.

The blue and white plastic rope in the page top photo was probably used to raise and lowerthe well piping and pump from within the casing.

In Carson Dunlop's sketch at left we show the typical construction of a drilled water well in cross section.

You can see that the typical well casing diameter is 6' (4' in some areas), that the well depth can be considerable (50 50 ft. to 900 ft. or more), and that the steel well casing does not extend down into the bedrock.

As we show in In Carson Dunlop's sketch below, there are several types of well casings and more than one type of well casing sealant.

Drilled well casing types: Drilled well casings can also be constructed of plastic pipe, brass pipe, copper pipe, or fiberglass pipe.

Drilled well casing sealant with concrete or gravel and slurry: A concrete slurry or gravel and mud mixed grout is poured around the exterior of the well casing after it has been pushed into the drilled well opening.

This grout is necessary to prevent surface water from leaking into and contaminating the well water. The water that enters this well comes from cracks or fissures in water bearing rock shown at the bottom of the sketch.

Not shown in this sketch are the well details such as submersible well pump, well piping, pitless adapter, and piping between the well and the building it serves. We discuss the pitless adapter and these other parts below.

The photo shown just above is of an older drilled-well casing which has been placed with its casingcap at ground level - increasing the risk of well contamination from surface runoff.

All we can see is the well cap.

Pitless Adapters for Well Casings

The water pipe leaving this well to carry water to the building will be buried below ground,and in freezing climates, below the frost line.

A special fitting, the pitless adapter is used to seal the passage cut into the round well casing. Below we illustrate the use of a pitless adapter on a drilled artesian well.

Details are at PITLESS ADAPTER

Details about artesian wells are

at ARTESIAN WELLS, WELL SPOOLS

Below: here is a rough sketch of the parts of a well showing its various measurements of depth, water column, static head etc. [Click to enlarge any image]

Key to our sketch of the parts and features a drilled water well shown just above

d = well depth as drilled. More about measuring the depth of a well is

at DEPTH of a WELL, HOW TO MEASURE

a = air - the distance from the ground surface to the top of the water when the well is at rest and is fully 'recovered' from recent use

c = clearance distance between the bottom of the well pump (or foot valve) and the very bottom of the drilled well. this distance is required to avoid having the pump pick up mud and debris from the well bottom.

h = static head: the volume of water available to the well pump when the well is at rest and is fully recovered.

Bored Water Wells

A bored water well is a lot like a 'drilled well' and the use of this term is confusing to some.

Scream Slotting Machine For Well Casing Supplies

The differences between a bored well and a drilled well are these:

Unlike a drilled well described above, the bored well is prepared using different equipment which is not capable of boring to as great a depth.

As Carson Dunlop's sketch shows, the bored well is often lined with interlocking sections of concrete piping rather than a continuous steel casing.

A bored well is likely to be found in areas of high water table, and where the water supply is obtained from water bearing soil or sand rather than bedrock.

The usual depth of a bored well is 50' to 100' - not as deep as a drilled water well.

Definition of & Formula for Determining Water Well Recovery Rate

We provide an introduction to well recovery rate just below. Details of 'how much water is in the well' are discussed

at WELL FLOW RATE

The well recovery rate is the rate at which water flows into the well opening from surrounding rock (or soil or other water source).

The well recovery rate is a complex number comprised of the water flow rate and water flow duration from various rock fissures and openings into the well casing or well opening.

Because water flowing into the well from a particular rock crack or fissure often flows at a varying rate, typically falling to a lower rate or even stopping after time, the total well recovery rate involves a summation equation adding up the individual rock fissure flow rates and considering the length of time that each flow rate can be expected to occur.

The length of time that each flow rate at each fissure may occur varies from just a few minutes to more than 24-hours.

Flows that continue at a given rate for 24-hours or more are considered 'indefinite' for practical purposes because the usage level (taking water out) at a residential property is typically measured on a 24-hour use cycle.

R = total recovery rate

r = individual rock fissure well flow rate for individual flow rate times (for example rock fissure #1 may involve one or more flow rates depending on how its flow rate varies.

We add all of these r's for each rock fissure together to get the total flow from that fissure over 24-hours)

Scream Slotting Machine For Well Casing Drilling

n = the total number of rock fissures feeding the well at all depths of the well opening

R₀ = SUM [r₁ - r_n]

To include the variation in flow rate over time at each rock fissure that feeds a water well, we write an integral equation something like this:

R = [INTEGRAL 0 to X] SUM [r₁ - r_n] where the interval 0-X represent the varying flow rates over time.

Definition of Total Water Available from a Water Well over a Given Time Period

The total volume of water available from a water well is the sum of the static head plus the recovery rate for the time period, typically 24-hours.

Volume of Water over 24-hours = Static Head (h) + Recovery Rate (R)

Details of 'how much water is in the well' are discussed

at WELL FLOW RATE

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Technical Reviewers & References

Access Water Energy, PO Box 2061, Moorabbin, VIC 3189, Australia, Tel: 1300 797 758, email: sales@accesswater.com.au Website: http://www.accesswater.com.au/
Moorabbin Office: Kingston Trade Centre, 100 Cochranes Rd, Moorabbin, VIC 3189
Australian supplier of: Greywater systems, Solar power to grid packages, Edwards solar systems, Vulcan compact solar systems, water & solar system pumps & controls, and a wide rage of above ground & under ground water storage tanks: concrete, steel, plastic, modular, and bladder storage tanks.
Grove Electric, Typical Shallow Well One Line Jet Pump Installation [PDF], Grove Electric, G&G Electric & Plumbing, 1900 NE 78th St., Suite 101, Vancouver WA 98665 www.grovelectric.com - web search -7/15/2010 original source: http://www.groverelectric.com/howto/38_Typical%20Jet%20Pump%20Installation.pdf
Grove Electric, Typical Deep Well Two Line Jet Pump Installation [PDF], Grove Electric, G&G Electric & Plumbing, 1900 NE 78th St., Suite 101, Vancouver WA 98665 www.grovelectric.com - web search -7/15/2010 original source: http://www.groverelectric.com/howto/38_Typical%20Jet%20Pump%20Installation.pdf
Penn State, Water Fact Sheet #3, USING LOW-YIELD WELLS [PDF], Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences, Cooperative Extension, School of Forest Resources, web search 07/24/2010, original source: http://pubs.cas.psu.edu/FreePubs/pdfs/XH0002.pdf

Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair

Our recommended books about building & mechanical systems design, inspection, problem diagnosis, and repair, and about indoor environment and IAQ testing, diagnosis, and cleanup are at the InspectAPedia Bookstore. Also see our Book Reviews - InspectAPedia.
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Carson, Dunlop & Associates Ltd., 120 Carlton Street Suite 407, Toronto ON M5A 4K2. Tel: (416) 964-9415 1-800-268-7070 Email: info@carsondunlop.com. The firm provides professional HOME INSPECTION SERVICES and also extensive HOME INSPECTION EDUCATION and home inspection-related PUBLICATIONS. Alan Carson is a past president of ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors.
Thanks to Alan Carson and Bob Dunlop, for permission for InspectAPedia to use text excerpts from The Home Reference Book & illustrations from The Illustrated Home. Carson Dunlop Associates' provides extensive home inspection education and report writing material.
The ILLUSTRATED HOME illustrates construction details and building components, a reference for owners & inspectors.
Special Offer: For a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Illustrated Home purchased as a single order Enter INSPECTAILL in the order payment page 'Promo/Redemption' space.
TECHNICAL REFERENCE GUIDE to manufacturer's model and serial number information for heating and cooling equipment, useful for determining the age of heating boilers, furnaces, water heaters is provided by Carson Dunlop Weldon & Associates
Special Offer: Carson Dunlop Associates offers InspectAPedia readers in the U.S.A. a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Technical Reference Guide purchased as a single order. Just enter INSPECTATRG in the order payment page 'Promo/Redemption' space.
The HOME REFERENCE BOOK - the Encyclopedia of Homes, Carson Dunlop & Associates, Toronto, Ontario, 25th Ed., 2012, is a bound volume of more than 450 illustrated pages that assist home inspectors and home owners in the inspection and detection of problems on buildings. The text is intended as a reference guide to help building owners operate and maintain their home effectively. Field inspection worksheets are included at the back of the volume.
Special Offer: For a 10% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference Book purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAHRB in the order payment page 'Promo/Redemption' space. InspectAPedia.com editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author.
Or choose the The HOME REFERENCE eBook for PCs, Macs, Kindle, iPad, iPhone, or Android Smart Phones.
Special Offer: For a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference eBook purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAEHRB in the order payment page 'Promo/Redemption' space.
Building inspection education & report writing systems from Carson, Dunlop & Associates Ltd
COMMERCIAL BUILDING INSPECTION COURSES - protocol ASTM Standard E 2018-08 for Property Condition Assessments
HOME INSPECTION EDUCATION COURESES (Canada)
HOME INSPECTION EDUCATION COURSES (USA) including home study & live classes at eleven colleges & universities.
HOME INSPECTION EDUCATION: HOME STUDY COURSES - ASHI@Home Training 10-course program.
Special Offer: Carson Dunlop Associates offers InspectAPedia readers in the U.S.A. a 5% discount on these courses: Enter INSPECTAHITP in the order payment page 'Promo/Redemption' space. InspectAPedia.com editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author.
The Horizon Software System manages business operations,scheduling, & inspection report writing using Carson Dunlop's knowledge base & color images. The Horizon system runs on always-available cloud-based software for office computers, laptops, tablets, iPad, Android, & other smartphones

Publisher InspectApedia.com - Daniel Friedman

The Company

When it was launched 33 years ago, Red Wing Service & Supply, Inc. was operated from a spare bedroom in the home of its founders, Tim and Judy Zaunbrecher. Today, the company is a world leader in its segment of the oil service industry. The remarkable growth validates once again the time-honored formula for entrepreneurial success: find a need and fill it.

While working for others in the energy industry, Tim Zaunbrecher identified a need crying to be filled: the limited availability of specialty pipe for the well screen industry and fishing tool business. Red Wing Service & Supply, Inc. was organized and incorporated to meet that need.

Scream Slotting Machine For Well Casing Suppliers

From the bedroom office and a pipe yard set up on an unused piece of land at friend's farm Red Wing began supplying pipe meeting industry requirements for special Outside Diameter (O.D.) and Inside Diameter (I.D.) tubular in the non-standard sizes and lengths needed by fishing tool and well screen companies. Along with a vitally needed product, the Zaunbrechers have provided unsurpassed quality and an unyielding dedication to service.

Red Wing's growth in this small but vital niche was rapid. Expanding to serve the well screen business was a logical next step. Introducing Red Wing Perforated Service. LLC. A need for specialty pipe was also identified in the water drilling industry, and filling it became another part of the Red Wing mission. Within a few years, Red Wing Service and Supply, Inc. had grown from a bedroom operation to an established global presence. The name is well known throughout the world by businesses needing the specialized tools and pipes required for secondary recovery, horizontal drilling, casing liners, and flush joint connections. The trend toward deeper offshore drilling and greater employment of horizontal drilling has accelerated the steady growth of the company.

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Red Wing's offices and operations are in Crowley, LA with representation in Houston and Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. At its two pipe yards, it has the world's largest inventory of API and Non-API washpipe, tubing, and casing, plus the required accessory equipment for the well screen and fishing tool industries. All material is new and has mill certification for tractability. Red Wing conforms to ISO 9002, a strategic certification for companies that work in a global market, and meets DIN and DNV specification.

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